| AMR (autonomous mobile robot) | Totes, carts, roll cages and components | Variable missions between departments, line feeding | No floor guidance: map, Wi-Fi and charging | High, routes change in software | Existing plant, mixed traffic, flows that change |
| AGV (automated guided vehicle) | Carts and pallets, including heavy or oversized loads | Fixed A-to-B routes with synchronized cycle times | Magnetic tape, tags, laser reflectors or wire guidance | Low, every change reopens the job site | A flow that stays the same for years, or a line at fixed takt |
| Autonomous forklift (robotic forklift) | Pallets and unit loads, on the floor or in racking | End of line, loading docks, high-bay storage | Laser/SLAM navigation, flat floor, aisles sized for the loaded truck | Medium to high, within aisle and height limits | Many pallet missions across several shifts: see the Multiway autonomous forklifts |
| Mobile manipulator (AMR with a robot arm) | Parts and bins, roughly under 30 kg | Picking and placing between benches, machines and cells | Reference stations and an interface with machine doors and controls | High, tied to station calibration | More machines to tend than operators available |
| Goods-to-person automated warehouse | Small and medium SKUs on mobile shelving | Order-line picking, production kits, spare parts | Picking stations and a WMS link, with no heavy civil works | Medium, it grows by adding robots and shelves | Many order lines a day and pickers who walk more than they pick: see the Scallog goods-to-person system |
| Motorized skates for heavy loads | Machinery, presses and dies from 20 to 60 t | One-off moves driven by an operator with a remote control | None, the floor just needs enough load capacity | Full, they go wherever the load is | Layout changes and maintenance without a crane: see the FOXTECH motorized skates |
| Conveyor (benchmark) | Cases, totes and regular-shaped parts | High, continuous throughput between two fixed points | Fixed floor or overhead installation that takes up the passage | Minimal, moving it means rebuilding it | A stretch that won’t change; a poor fit if it crosses aisles used by people and trucks |